小城镇建设与农村剩余劳动力转移

文章从分析推进农村剩余劳动力转移与解决我国“三农”问题的关系入手,提出小城镇建设是农村剩余劳动力转移的必由之路,进而提出通过小城镇建设转移农村剩余劳动力的几点对策,即：以政府职能转变为切入点,大力营造和优化劳动力进镇就业与创业的软硬环境：以户籍制度改革为突破口,彻底打破和消除劳动力合理流动的体制与政策障碍;以改革和发展教育为抓手,全面培育和提高农村劳动力的文化与科技素质。     

事业部制在中国企业推行的误区及其对策

中国企业自20世纪八十年代以来引入事业部制的组织管理模式，但由于对事业部制的认识欠缺，纷纷遭遇尴尬。本文通过对制度、组织、文化和外部经营环境等四个因素的综合分析，解读了事业部制的推行条件，并提出了中国企业走出事业部制推行尴尬的相应对策。     

我国人口劳动力参与率影响因素的实证分析(1978～2001年)

劳动力参与率的影响因素错综复杂。在中国,性别因素和工资水平对劳动力参与率水平的影响作用并不显著;经济增长和教育水平的提高与劳动力参与率水平正相关,而固定资产投资、城市化水平的提高和失业率的上升却是引起劳动力参与率水平不断下降的主要因素。     

劳动契约视角下的经营者人力资本定价研究

经营者人力资本定价是目前理论研究的热点与难点问题。基于对经营者人力资本构成的多维性和调用的主动性两个关键特征的考察 ,从劳动契约的微观角度对经营者人力资本定价进行分析 ,并充分考虑劳资双方的特定状态 ,进一步探讨影响经营者人力资本价格的权变因素 ,认为经营者人力资本定价是一个复杂的系统过程 ,应该从可重新谈判的动态角度把握定价的精度     

劳动关系作为法律关系:兼论劳动法学研究的范式转换

劳动关系和劳动法律关系区分的理论更多是法外视角研究劳动关系问题的结果。法律调整社会关系或劳动关系并非是指存在先在的供法律调整的社会关系,而是指法律通过规范人的行为在当事人之间产生法律关系,该法律关系是社会关系的特殊形式;法律关系产生的过程不是寻找社会关系的过程,而是判断法律规范规定的构成要件是否具备的过程。法律调整劳动关系因此是指出现法律规范的构成要件时在当事人之间产生以一方提供依附性劳动、另一方支付报酬为主要义务的权利义务关系,也即法律意义上的劳动关系。从上述劳动关系的逻辑出发,则事实劳动关系概念需要正本清源,集体劳动关系非法律意义的劳动关系,劳动法律关系、社会劳动关系、个别劳动关系等概念无存在必要。劳动法学研究应实现从法外视角向法教义学研究并重的转换。我国劳动法的规则体系和理论体系应围绕劳动关系展开。     

Distributional assumptions and a test of the dual labor market hypothesis

Recent application of the switching regression model to allocate workers into the primary and secondary labor markets is considered to be the best solution to the classification problem of the empirical testing of the dual labor market theory. In such models, normality of the error terms is assumed. This paper adopts the switching regression model to test the dual labor market theory by assuming different distributions of the error terms. The test results strongly support the dual labor market theory regardless of the assumption one makes about the error terms. However, the results indicate that different distribution can lead to different percentage distributions of workers in the two segments. In particular, the normal distribution generates more workers in the primary segment than the non-normal distributions. Therefore, care must be taken not to generalize the type of industries or occupations that fall under the primary and secondary segments. First version received: October 2000/Final version received: March 2002 RID="*" ID="*"  I would like to thank Kevin Lang, Robert Marshall, and two anonymous referees for their helpful comments. I am grateful for comments received from the session participants of the Western Economic Association International Conference, San Francisco, CA, June 28–July 2, 1996, and the Midwest Economic Association Conference, Kansas City, 1997. I thank George Bonney, the Chief Statistician of Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia for his comments. Any remaining errors are my responsibility. I gratefully acknowledge financial support from Penn State Research and Development Grant, 1995.     

分工差异与二元经济结构的形成

分工程度包含着部门因组织方式不同而导致的生产率差异,它可以为二元经济结构对立提供一个分析起点。本文构建了一个逐次放松条件的新兴古典经济学模型,从分工角度解释二元经济结构的形成。模型显示:二元经济结构反差源于部门个人专业化水平、迂回生产程度和产品种类数的不同,二元经济结构是两部门分工水平差异的产物,此判断得到了实证分析的支持。从分工角度出发,可以对中国二元经济结构问题形成更深刻的理解。     

Age-specific dynamic labor demand and human capital investment

To study the optimal age-specific labor demand and human capital investment at the firm level we extend the standard dynamic labor demand model by introducing ‘age’ as a second dynamic variable and distinguish between two types of workers: ‘low skilled’ and ‘high skilled’. Applying an age-structured optimal control model we derive qualitative features of the optimal age-specific hiring and training effort. For the case of a linear revenue and production function we prove that firms do not anticipate changes in adjustment costs in their optimal decisions. This result no longer holds if a nonlinear revenue or production function is considered.     

Job Creation and Job Destruction in a Regulated Labor Market: The Case of Austria

We study Austrian job reallocation in the period of 1978 to 1998, using a large administrative dataset where we correct for spurious entries and exits of firms. We find that on average 9 out of 100 randomly selected jobs were created within the last year, and that about 9 out of randomly selected 100 jobs were destroyed within the next year. Hence, the magnitude of Austrian job flows seems to be comparable to other countries, similar to the well-known results of Davis et al. (1996) for the United States. Job reallocation appears to be driven primarily by idiosyncratic shocks. However, job creation increases significantly during cyclical upswings whereas job destruction rises in downturns. We also find substantial persistence of job creation and destruction. The pronounced pattern of job reallocation rates falling with firm size and age continues to hold when we use a set of controls. Finally, we show that – controlling for sector and firm size composition – Austrian job reallocation rates are only half the rates for the U.S. This result is not surprising given the impact of tighter regulation and labor law in Austria.     

新农村建设:一个政治经济学视角的解析

新农村建设是对城乡经济社会发展不平衡的一个积极回应,它包含经济增长和社会发展两个层面.从政治经济学视角出发,在经济增长方面,户籍、土地、保障等制度性因素制约到农村劳动力的有效流转,从而对劳动生产率提升和农业发展产生负面影响;在社会福利方面,农民的数量优势没有转化为谈判优势,对市场价格和政策制定的影响力较小,其社会福利获取以及发展程度处于不利地位.据此,新农村建设必须对相关制度性、组织性因素进行完善和改革,部分农民的真正流转和留守农民的自发组织将尤其重要.